dots logo Chapter 12 - Urinary System

  1. Which layer of the filtration membrane does not prevent the passage of plasma proteins?
    1. foot processes of podocyes
    2. basement membrane
    3. fenestrated endothelium
  2. Which of the following is false?
    1. NHP = (GHP - CsHP)
    2. glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) tends to draw material out of the plasma
    3. GFR = (NHP - BCOP)
    4. blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) tends to push material into the plasma
    5. NFP = (NHP - BCOP)
    6. capsular hydrostatic pressure (CsHP) tends to push material into the plasma
  3. Under normal circumstances, metabolic waste eliminated by the urinary system include all but:
    1. uric acid, formed during recycling of nitrogenous bases from RNA molecules
    2. creatinine, from the breakdown of creatine phosphate from muscle contractions
    3. urea, from the breakdown of amino acids
    4. glucose, proteins, and amino acids
  4. Which layer of the filtration membrane prevents the passage of blood cells?
    1. foot processes of podocyes
    2. basement membrane
    3. fenestrated endothelium
  5. The region where the two ureters and the urethra meet is called the __________.
    1. detrusor
    2. rugae
    3. trigone
  6. Which regions are parts of the retroperitoneal kidneys not located in?
    1. epigastric
    2. hypochondriac
    3. lumbar
  7. Which statement about the juxtaglomerular complex is false?
    1. not involved in the hormonal regulation of blood pressure
    2. mesangial cells provide feedback control between macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells
    3. juxtaglomerular cells, in the afferent arteries, secrete renin
    4. macula densa cells, in the distal tubule, function as chemoreceptors and baroreceptors
  8. Place urine production in order of how it travels.
    1. renal pyramid → major calyx → minor calyx → renal pelvis → ureter
    2. renal pelvis → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pyramid → ureter
    3. renal pyramid → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter
    4. renal pelvis → major calyx → minor calyx → renal pyramid → ureter
  9. The thin descending limb of the nephron loop reabsorbs water, and the thick ascending loop reabsorbs sodium and chloride ions.
    1. true
    2. false
  10. Which are not hormone regulated (aldosterone and ADH)?
    1. proximal convoluted tubule
    2. distal convoluted tubule
    3. collecting system
  11. Which part of the nephron and collection system employs active transport?
    1. renal cropuscle
    2. proximal convoluted tubule
    3. nephron loop
    4. distal convoluted tubule
    5. papillary duct
    6. collecting duct
  12. Which region are the retroperitoneal adrenal glands located in?
    1. hypochondriac
    2. epigastric
    3. lumbar
  13. Fill in the responsibility for: filtration __________, reabsorption __________, secretion __________.
    1. distal tubule, proximal tubule, renal corpuscle
    2. proximal tubule, renal corpuscle, distal tubule
    3. proximal tubule, distal tubule, renal corpuscle
    4. renal corpuscle, proximal tubule, distal tubule
  14. Which pathway involving angiotensin II and GFR homeostasis isn't accurate?
    1. juxtaglomerular → renin → angiotensin I → lungs → angiotensin II → adrenal glands → aldosterone
    2. angiotensin II → nervous system → parasympathetic activation → increased cardiac output
    3. angiotensin II → aldosterone → increased sodium retention → increased blood volume
    4. angiotensin II → nervous system → increased thirst/ADH production → increased blood volume
  15. Which of he following statements about the kidneys is false?
    1. located between vertebrea T12 and L3
    2. highly vascular
    3. right kidney is slightly superior to left kidney
    4. each kidney has an adrenal gland on top
  16. Order the arteries to a nephron.
    1. venule → cortical radiate → interlobar → arcuate → renal
    2. venule → cortical radiate → arcuate → interlobar → renal
    3. renal → segmental → interlobar → arcuate → cortical radiate → afferent
    4. renal → segmental → arcuate → interlobar → cortical radiate → afferent
  17. The removal of waste from body fluids is called __________, and the discharge of waste out of the body is called __________?
    1. excretion, elimination
    2. filtration, excretion
    3. filtration, elimination
    4. elimination, excretion
  18. Which statements is false? Remember pH less than 7 is acidic, pH greater than 7 is alkaline (basic).
    1. prolonged aldosterone stimulation can cause alkalosis (high blood pH)
    2. exhaustive muscle activity can cause lactic acidosis (low blood pH)
    3. normal average blood pH is 2
    4. starvation and diabetes mellitus can cause ketoacidosis (low blood pH)
  19. Order the veins from a nephron.
    1. venule → cortical radiate → arcuate → interlobar → renal
    2. renal → segmental → arcuate → interlobar → cortical radiate → afferent
    3. venule → cortical radiate → interlobar → arcuate → renal
    4. renal → segmental → interlobar → arcuate → cortical radiate → afferent
  20. In which part of the nephron and collection system does most water reabsorption take place?
    1. proximal convoluted tubule
    2. papillary duct
    3. renal cropuscle
    4. collecting duct
    5. nephron loop
    6. distal convoluted tubule
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